La Déclaration de Montréal sur l’exploitation animale d’octobre 2022

Depuis le début sur LTD, nous réfutons l’antispécisme au nom du véganisme, car nous avons toujours considéré que le véganisme c’était l’amour pour les animaux (et la Nature), tandis que l’antispécisme était une position moraliste de gens négatifs cherchant simplement à ne pas participer à des horreurs.

Nous avons également à travers cela considéré que le véganisme devait être populaire et créatif, et non pas bourgeois et un gagne-pain pour une carrière universitaire ou associative ou quoi que ce soit du genre. Voir des gens se mettant individuellement en avant « au nom des animaux » ces quinze dernières années a été l’une des pires choses qui soient, et d’ailleurs bien souvent ces gens ont disparu.

Ces précisions sont nécessaires pour comprendre le sens de la « Déclaration de Montréal sur l’exploitation animale » de début octobre 2022, écrite par des « philosophes » pour des « philosophes ». L’initiative part d’ailleurs du Canada avec le « Groupe de recherche en éthique environnementale et animale ».

Ces philosophes de différents pays, dont bon nombre sont très sympathiques certainement, font ici du lobbying avant toute autre chose ; ils se placent d’ailleurs sur le très long terme et ne veulent surtout pas bousculer les choses.

On ne veut pas forcément (au moins) l’ALF, mais enfin des gens qui s’installent bien confortablement dans la société, avec un bon salaire, une bonne reconnaissance sociale… tout en disant qu’ils font du bien à la société : c’est du même niveau que le capitalisme californien qui prétend avoir une utilité sociale de par son propre égoïsme.

L’état d’esprit est très révélateur, pour cette raison même. Ils ne disent pas qu’il ne faut pas tuer les animaux parce qu’il faut aimer la vie, mais qu’il ne faut pas les tuer, parce qu’il ne faut pas aimer la mort. En apparence, cela revient au même, en pratique cela n’a rien à voir, tant sur le plan des mentalités que de la culture, de la pratique.

Le sens de l’urgence s’en ressent justement et c’est un bon point de départ pour comprendre ça. Si vous aimez la vie, alors vous comprenez qu’on est dans l’urgence, que la Terre est attaquée, que l’humanité menant mal sa barque l’agresse, la meurtrit. Si vous n’aimez pas la mort, vous vous contenterez de dire qu’on peut mieux faire, qu’on doit mieux faire… mais du point de vue anthropocentrique.

En vérité c’est le fond de la question : soit l’humanité se soumet à Gaïa, soit elle continue de s’imaginer un « empire dans un empire » et elle court à la catastrophe. Les philosophes ne veulent pas que l’humanité se soumettent, ou plutôt beaucoup certainement le voudraient, mais ils ne pensent pas que cela soit possible, alors ils se retournent en son contraire.

Il y a tellement de gens qui voient leur démarche se retourner en leur contraire de par leur incapacité à affronter de manière à la fois rationnelle et sensible la question des animaux, car ils ne partent pas de la seule réalité : la Nature !


Déclaration de Montréal sur l’exploitation animale

Nous sommes des chercheurs et des chercheuses en philosophie morale et politique. Nos travaux s’inscrivent dans des traditions philosophiques diverses et nous sommes rarement tous du même avis. Nous nous accordons toutefois quant à la nécessité de transformer en profondeur nos relations avec les autres animaux. Nous condamnons l’ensemble des pratiques qui supposent de traiter les animaux comme des choses ou des marchandises. 

Dans la mesure où elle implique des violences et des dommages non nécessaires, nous déclarons que l’exploitation animale est injuste et moralement indéfendable. 

En éthologie et en neurobiologie, il est bien établi que les mammifères, les oiseaux, les poissons et de nombreux invertébrés sont sentients, c’est-à-dire capables de ressentir du plaisir, de la douleur et des émotions. Ces animaux sont des sujets conscients ; ils ont leur propre point de vue sur le monde qui les entoure.

Il s’ensuit qu’ils ont des intérêts : nos comportements affectent leur bien-être et sont susceptibles de leur faire du bien ou du mal. Lorsque nous blessons un chien ou un cochon, lorsque nous maintenons en captivité un poulet ou un saumon, lorsque nous tuons un veau pour sa chair ou un vison pour sa peau, nous contrevenons gravement à ses intérêts les plus fondamentaux.

Pourtant, tous ces dommages pourraient être évités. Il est évidemment possible de s’abstenir de porter du cuir, d’assister à des corridas et des rodéos, ou de montrer aux enfants des lions enfermés dans des parcs zoologiques.

La plupart d’entre nous pouvons d’ores et déjà nous passer d’aliments d’origine animale tout en restant en bonne santé et le développement futur d’une économie végane rendra cela plus facile encore. D’un point de vue politique et institutionnel, il est possible de cesser de voir les animaux comme de simples ressources à notre disposition. 

Le fait que ces individus ne soient pas membres de l’espèce Homo sapiens n’y change rien : s’il semble naturel de penser que les intérêts des animaux comptent moins que les intérêts comparables des êtres humains, cette intuition spéciste ne résiste pas à un examen attentif. Toutes choses égales par ailleurs, l’appartenance à un groupe biologique (qu’il soit délimité par l’espèce, la couleur de peau ou le sexe) ne peut justifier des inégalités de considération ou de traitement. 

Il existe des différences entre les êtres humains et les autres animaux, tout comme il en existe entre les individus au sein des espèces. Certaines capacités cognitives sophistiquées donnent certes lieu à des intérêts particuliers, qui peuvent à leur tour justifier des traitements particuliers. Mais les capacités d’un individu à composer des symphonies, à faire des calculs mathématiques avancés ou à se projeter dans un avenir lointain, aussi admirables soient-elles, n’affectent pas la considération due à son intérêt à ressentir du plaisir et à ne pas souffrir.

Les intérêts des plus intelligents parmi nous n’importent pas davantage que les intérêts équivalents de ceux qui le sont moins. Soutenir l’inverse reviendrait à hiérarchiser les individus en fonction d’une faculté n’ayant aucune pertinence morale. Une telle attitude capacitiste serait moralement indéfendable.

Il est en somme difficile d’échapper à cette conclusion : parce que l’exploitation animale nuit aux animaux sans nécessité, elle est foncièrement injuste. Il est donc essentiel d’œuvrer à sa disparition, en visant notamment la fermeture des abattoirs, l’interdiction de la pêche et le développement d’une agriculture végétale.

Nous ne nous faisons pas d’illusions ; un tel projet ne sera pas réalisé à court terme. Il requiert en particulier de renoncer à des habitudes spécistes bien ancrées et de transformer en profondeur certaines de nos institutions. La fin de l’exploitation animale nous apparaît toutefois comme l’unique horizon collectif à la fois réaliste et juste pour les non-humains.

  1. Elisa Aaltola, Senior Research Fellow, University of Turku, Finland
  2. Cheryl Abbate, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
  3. Ralph Acampora, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Hofstra University
  4. Carol Adams, Author, The Sexual Politics of Meat, Independent scholar
  5. Karim Akerma, Doctor, Independant
  6. Frauke Albersmeier, Researcher in Animal Ethics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
  7. Sandra Alexander, Assistant Professor of Humanities, American University in Dubai
  8. Michael Allen, Professor, East Tennessee State University
  9. Ozan Altan Altinok, Post Doctoral Researcher in Philosophy and Ethics of Science in Practice, Center for Ethics and Law in Life Sciences, Leibniz University of Hannover
  10. Bertha Alvarez Manninen, Professor of Philosophy, Arizona State University
  11. Carlo Alvaro, Associate Professor of Philosophy, CUNY
  12. Mahesh Ananth, Professor of Philosophy, Indiana University 
  13. Dave Anctil, Chercheur en technophilosophie, Observatoire internationale sur l’IA et le numérique (OBVIA, Université de Laval)
  14. Jacy Reese Anthis, Sociologist, co-founder of the Sentience Institute, Sentience Institute
  15. Françoise Armengaud, Docteur en philosophie, Ex-Maître de conférences Université de Paris-Ouest-Nanterre
  16. Michael Ashooh, Lecturer, University of Vermont
  17. Nikolaos Asproulis, Academic Associate, Volos Academy for Theological Studies, Greece
  18. Peter Atterton, Professor of Philosophy, San Diego State University
  19. Robin Attfield, Professor Emeritus of Philosophy, Cardiff University
  20. Iván Darío Ávila Gaitán, Postdoctoral Researcher in Animal Ethics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia – ILECA – CIFECT
  21. Christiane Bailey, Coordinatrice Centre de justice sociale, Université Concordia
  22. Normand Baillargeon, Philosophie de l’Éducation, Le Devoir
  23. Liv Baker, Animal Behavior and Wellbeing Scientist, Hunter College, CUNY
  24. Jonathan Balcombe, Author on animal sentience, Self-affiliated
  25. Anne Baril, Lecturer in Philosophy, Washington University in St. Louis
  26. Jeremy Barris, Professor in Philosophy, Marshall University
  27. Robert Bass, Adjunct Full Professor, University of North Carolina at Pembroke        
  28. Piers Beirne, Emeritus Professor of Sociology and Legal Studies and Author, University of Southern Maine, USA
  29. Sofia Belardinelli, PhD Student in Environmental Ethics, University of Naples Federico II 
  30. Jeremy Bendik-Keymer, Professor of Philosophy, Case Western Reserve University
  31. Amélie Benedikt, Professor in Ethics, Texas State University 
  32. Rod Bennison, Independent Scholar, Chair and Founder Minding Animals International
  33. Paige Benton, Researcher in AI Ethics and Moral and Political Philosophy, University of Pretoria, South Africa
  34. Brian Berkey, Associate Professor, University of Pennsylvania
  35. John Berkman, Professor of Moral Theology, Regis College, University of Toronto
  36. Justin Bernstein, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
  37. Asha Bhandary, Political Philosopher / Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Iowa     
  38. Faith Bjalobok, Professor of Philosophy, Duquesne University 
  39. Charlotte Blattner, Senior Lecturer and Researcher, Institute for Public Law, University of Bern, Switzerland
  40. Olle Blomberg, Researcher in practical Philosophy, University of Gothenburg
  41. Chris Bobonich, CI Lewis Professor of Philosophy, Stanford University 
  42. Alcino Eduardo Bonella, Professor of Ethics, University of Uberlândia, Brazil
  43. Julia Borcherding, Associate Professor, University of Cambridge 
  44. Leonie N. Bossert, Animal ethicist, University of Tübingen
  45. Mylène Botbol-Baum, Professeure de philosophie et de bioéthique, Université catholique de Louvain
  46. Chiara Bottici, Associate Professor in Philosophy, The New School
  47. Michel Bourban, Chercheur en éthique et philosophie politique, University of Warwick
  48. Bernice Bovenkerk, Associate Professor of Animal and Environmental Ethics, Wageningen University 
  49. Philip Brey, Full Professor in Philosophy and Ethics of Technology, University of Twente
  50. Nicole Broadbent, Researcher on wildlife Ethics and conservation, University of Johannesburg
  51. David G. Brooks, Associate Professor (Honorary), University of Sydney
  52. Teya Brooks Pribac, Researcher in Animal Subjectivity, Independent
  53. Huub Brouwer, Assistant Professor of Ethics and Political Philosophy, Tilburg University
  54. Etienne Brown, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, San Jose State University
  55. Heather Browning, Lecturer in Philosophy, University of Southampton
  56. Florence Burgat, Directrice de recherche, Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement, France
  57. Nick Byrd, Philosopher and Scientist, Stevens Institute of Technology 
  58. Philip Cafaro, Professor of Philosophy, Colorado State University
  59. Matthew Calarco, Professor, California State University
  60. Cheshire Calhoun, Professor of Philosophy, Arizona State University
  61. Paco Calvo, Professor of Philosophy of Science, Universidad de Murcia
  62. Douglas Campbell, Senior Lecturer in Philosophy, Researcher of Human Altruism, University of Canterbury, New Zealand 
  63. Deborah Cao, Professor in Animal Law and Ethics, Griffith University, Australia
  64. Silvia Caprioglio Panizza, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Researcher in Ethics, University of Pardubice
  65. Adam Cardilini, Lecturer in Environmental Science, Deakin University
  66. Erik Carlson, Professor in practical Philosophy, Uppsala University
  67. Petra Carlsson Redell, Professor, Stockholm School of Theology
  68. Paula Casal, Full Professor, ICREA and Pompeu Fabra University 
  69. Jodey Castricano, Professor Critical Animal Studies, University of British Columbia
  70. Amandine Catala, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)
  71. Lucius Caviola, Researcher in Moral Psychology, Harvard University
  72. Jonathan Chen, Instructor in Ethics/Philosophy, Sacramento State University
  73. Andrew Chignell, Professor in Human Values, Philosophy, and Religion, Princeton University
  74. Ryoa Chung, co-Directrice du Centre de recherche en éthique / professeure titulaire philosophie, Université de Montréal
  75. Chris Ciocchetti, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Centenary College of Louisiana
  76. Mich Ciurria, Crip Feminist Philosopher, University of Missouri-St. Louis 
  77. Stephen R.L. Clark, Emeritus Professor of Philosophy, University of Liverpool
  78. Dale Clark, Researcher in Ethics and Epistemology, University of South Dakota 
  79. Alasdair Cochrane, Professor of Political Theory, University of Sheffield
  80. Yolandi M. Coetser, Senior Lecturer in Philosophy, North West University, South Africa
  81. Simon Coghlan, Senior Lecturer in AI and Digital Ethics, The University of Melbourne
  82. Mara-Daria Cojocaru, Doctor in Philosophy, Munich School of Philosophy
  83. Peter Cole, Associate Professor Indigenous and Ecojustice Education, University of British Columbia
  84. Raffaella Colombo, Researcher in Moral Philosophy, Università degli Studi di Milano
  85. Gary Comstock, Alumni Distinguished Undergraduate Professor, North Carolina State University
  86. Sophia Connell, Senior Lecturer in Philosophy, Birkbeck College, University of London
  87. Steve Cooke, Associate Professor of Political Theory, University of Leicester
  88. Guillaume Coqui, Maître de conférences en philosophie moderne et contemporaine, Université de Bourgogne
  89. Raymond Corbey, Professor of Philosophy of Science and Anthropology, Leiden University
  90. Frédéric Côté-Boudreau, Enseignant en philosophie au collégial, Collège de Maisonneuve
  91. Jackson Coy, Philosopher, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
  92. Alice Crary, University Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, New School for Social Research
  93. Simon Cushing, Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Michigan-Flint
  94. Jennifer Daigle, PhD Candidate in Philosophy, Yale University 
  95. Anya Daly, Senior Lecturer in Philosophy and Ethics, University of Tasmania
  96. Emilie Dardenne, Maîtresse de conférences en études anglophones et animal studies, Université Rennes 2
  97. Ben Davies, Research Fellow, University of Oxford
  98. Gabriele De Angelis, Researcher in Political Theory, NOVA University of Lisbon
  99. Ramiro De Ávila Peres, Researcher in Political Philosophy, NOVA University of Lisbon
  100. Brenda De Groot, Researcher in Primatology and Critical Animal Studies, Leiden University 
  101. David DeGrazia, Elton Professor of Philosophy, George Washington University
  102. Konstantin Deininger, Doctoral Candidate in Animal Ethics and Moral Philosophy, University of Vienna 
  103. Nicolas Delon, Associate Professor of Philosophy and Environmental Studies, New College of Florida
  104. Lara Denis, Professor of Philosophy, Agnes Scott College
  105. Tristan Derham, Associate Researcher, University of Tasmania
  106. Evgeniy Derzhivitskyi, Philosophical Sciences, PhD, Associate Professor at the Department of Ethics, Saint Petersburg State University
  107. Philippe Devienne, Dr Philosophie, D.M.Vétérinaire, Paris-Sorbonne, ENV Alfort
  108. Annalisa Di Mauro, Research Fellow in Moral Philosophy, University of Genoa and member of EtApp (Laboratory for Applied Ethics Research)
  109. Jonathan H. Dickstein, Assistant Professor in Religion, Carleton College
  110. Paulette Dieterlen, Researcher at Institute on Philosophical Research, National University of Mexico
  111. Peter Dietsch, Professeur, University of Victoria
  112. Susan Dimock, Professor of Philosophy and University Professor, York University 
  113. Vitor Manuel Dinis Pereira, Researcher, LanCog, Centre of Philosophy, University of Lisbon
  114. Tyler Doggett, Professor of Philosophy, University of Vermont
  115. Daniel A. Dombrowski, Professor of Philosophy, Seattle University 
  116. Brianne Donaldson, Associate Professor, University of California, Irvine
  117. Marie-Josée Drolet, Full Professor and ethicist, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
  118. Jan Dutkiewicz, Postdoctoral Fellow, Swiss National Science Foundation
  119. Heather Eaton, Full Professor, Saint Paul University, Ottawa
  120. Rainer Ebert, International Research Associate, University of Dar es Salaam
  121. William Edelglass, Moral Philosophy, Emerson College and the Barre Center for Buddhist Studies
  122. Mylan Engel Jr, Professor of Philosophy, Northern Illinois University
  123. Erno Eskens, Philosopher, Independent
  124. Diego Exposito, PhD Candidate in Moral and Political Philosophy, The University of Sheffield 
  125. Catia Faria, Assistant Professor / Researcher in Animal Ethics, Complutense University of Madrid
  126. Manuel Fasko, Researcher in History of Philosophy, University Basel
  127. Luc Faucher, Professeur, département de philosophie, Université du Québec à Montréal
  128. Andrew Fenton, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Dalhousie University
  129. Giuseppe Feola, Researcher in History of Ancient Philosophy and Science, University D’Annunzio, Italy 
  130. Laura Fernández, PhD in Communication, researcher in Critical Animal Studies, Centre for Animal Ethics, Universitat Pompeu Fabra
  131. Juan Antonio Fernández Manzano, Researcher in Political Philosophy, Complutense University of Madrid
  132. Estelle Ferrarese, Professeure de philosophie morale et politique, Université de Picardie-Jules Verne
  133. Arianna Ferrari, Senior Researcher, Independent scholar
  134. Andrew Fiala, Professor of Philosophy, California State University, Fresno
  135. Carrie Figdor, Professor, University of Iowa
  136. Iskra Fileva, Professor of Philosophy, University of Colorado, Boulder
  137. Sascha Benjamin Fink, Junior Professor for NeuroPhilosophy, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
  138. Stephen Finlay, Professor of Moral Philosophy, Australian Catholic University
  139. Bob Fischer, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Texas State University
  140. Corrado Fizzarotti, Researcher in Environmental Ethics, National Research Council of Italy 
  141. Will Fleisher, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Georgetown University
  142. Leticia Flores Farfán, Researcher, National Autonomous University of Mexico
  143. Lisa Forsberg, Research Fellow, University of Oxford
  144. Björn Freter, Lecturer, SOAS University of London
  145. Katy Fulfer, Associate Professor of Philosophy and Gender & Social Justice, researcher in bioEthics and animal Ethics, University of Waterloo
  146. Elisa Galgut, Philosophy Professor, University of Cape Town
  147. Dmitri Gallow, Senior Research Fellow, Dianoia Institute of Philosophy, Australian Catholic University
  148. Harold Gamble, Emeritus Philosophy Teacher, Colorado State University 
  149. Andrea Gammon, Assistant Professor, Ethics & Philosophy of Technology, TU Delft
  150. Molly Gardner, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, University of Florida
  151. Gabriel Garmendia Da Trindade, Lecturer in Philosophy, Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS, campus Ibirubá)
  152. Aaron Garrett, Professor of Philosophy, Boston University
  153. Léon Gatien, Chercheur en éthique animale et philosophie décoloniale, Université de Sherbrooke 
  154. Benjamin Ghasemi, Postdoctoral Fellow, Colorado State University
  155. Martin Gibert, Chercheur en éthique de l’IA, Université de Montréal
  156. William Gildea, Researcher in Philosophy, University of Warwick
  157. Sven Gins, PhD Researcher, University of Groningen
  158. William-Philippe Girard, PhD Student, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières 
  159. Valéry Giroux, Chercheuse en éthique animale, Université de Montréal
  160. Ian Gold, Professor of Philosophy, McGill University
  161. Anahí Gabriela González, Doctora en Filosofía, Profesora Titular de Ética, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Latinoamericano de Estudios Críticos Animales
  162. John Goris, PhD Candidate in Animal Ethics, Macquarie University
  163. Jennifer Greenwood, Honorary Research Fellow, University of Queensland
  164. Lori Gruen, William Griffin Professor of Philosophy/Coordinator of Wesleyan Animal Studies, Wesleyan University
  165. Allen Habib, Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Calgary
  166. John Hadley, Senior Lecturer, Western Sydney University 
  167. Thilo Hagendorff, Researcher in AI Ethics, University of Tübingen
  168. Simon Hailwood, Professor of Philosophy, University of Liverpool 
  169. Ishtiyaque Haji, Professor of Philosophy, University of Calgary
  170. Austen Hall, PhD Candidate, Yale University 
  171. Matthew C. Halteman, Professor of Philosophy, Calvin University 
  172. Naïma Hamrouni, Professeure en philosophie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
  173. Étienne Harnad, Professeur de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal
  174. Gerald Harrison, Senior Lecturer in Philosophy, Massey University
  175. Victoria Harrison, Full Professor and Head of Department, University of Macau
  176. Ronnie Hawkins, Environmental philosopher, University of Central Florida (retired)
  177. Richard Healey, Associate Lecturer, University College London
  178. Yogi Hendlin, Assistant Professor of Environmental Philosophy, Erasmus University Rotterdam 
  179. Blake Hereth, Postdoctoral Research Associate, University of Massachusetts, Lowell
  180. Alejandro Herrera, Researcher in Animal and Environmental Ethics (retired), National University of Mexico
  181. Claudia Hogg-Blake, Humanities Teaching Fellow, University of Chicago
  182. Benjamin Hole, Contingent Faculty, Pacific University
  183. Daniel Hooley, Doctor, Capilano University
  184. Kai Horsthemke, Professor and Researcher in Animal Ethics and Animal Rights Education, University of the Witwatersrand 
  185. Oscar Horta, Faculty of Philosophy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
  186. Chris Howard, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, McGill University
  187. Michael Huemer, Professor of Philosophy, University of Colorado
  188. Rebekah Humphreys, Specialist in animal Ethics, University of Wales Trinity St David
  189. James Humphries, Lecturer in Philosophy, University of Glasgow
  190. Mark Hunyadi, Professeur de philosophie morale et politique, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgique
  191. Ramona Ilea, Professor of Philosophy & Department Chair, Pacific University
  192. Patricia Illingworth, Professor, Northeastern University
  193. David Ingram, Professor of Philosophy, Loyola University Chicago
  194. Ruth Irwin, Professor of Education, RMIT University, Melbourne
  195. Alison M. Jaggar, Professor Emerita, Philosophy and Women & Gender Studies, University of Colorado at Boulder
  196. Pankaj Jain, Professor, FLAME University
  197. Simon James, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Durham University
  198. Andrew Jampol-Petzinger, Visiting Assistant Professor, Grand Valley State University
  199. François Jaquet, Lecturer in Philosophy, Université de Strasbourg
  200. Anja Jauernig, Professor of Philosophy, New York University
  201. Kathie Jenni, Professor of Philosophy, University of Redlands 
  202. Sofia M. I. Jeppsson, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Umeå University, Sweden
  203. Diane Jeske, Professor of Philosophy, University of Iowa 
  204. Alexander Jeuk, Independent author and researcher, 
  205. Kyle Johannsen, Philosophy Instructor, Trent University
  206. Jane Johnson, Field philosopher, Macquarie University
  207. L Syd Johnson, Associate Professor, SUNY Upstate Medical University
  208. Drew Johnson, Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Oslo
  209. Robert Jones, Associate Professor of Philosophy, California State University
  210. Jeff Jordan, Professor of Philosophy, University of Delaware
  211. Hrvoje Juric, Full Professor of Ethics and BioEthics, University of Zagreb
  212. Richard Kahn, Core Faculty in Education, Ed.D. in Educational and Professional Practice, Antioch University
  213. Gerasimos Kakoliris, Associate Professor in Contemporary Continental Philosophy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
  214. Julius Kapembwa, Lecturer in Philosophy and Applied Ethics, University of Zambia
  215. Bhanuraj Kashyap, PhD Candidate, Macquarie University
  216. Joel Kassiola, Professor of Political Science, San Francisco State University
  217. Tristan Katz, Researcher in Animal and Environmental Ethics, University of Fribourg
  218. Jason Kawall, Carl Benton Straub ’58 Endowed Chair in Culture and the Environment, Colgate University
  219. Lisa Kemmerer, Professor Emeritus, Montana State University ; Tapestry
  220. Jozef Keulartz, Emeritus Professor Environmental Philosophy, Radboud University
  221. David Killoren, Assistant Professor, Koc University
  222. Roland Kipke, Researcher in Ethics and Political Philosophy, Bielefeld University
  223. Philip Kitcher, John Dewey Professor of Philosophy Emeritus, Columbia University
  224. Andrew Knight, Professor of Animal Welfare and Ethics, University of Winchester 
  225. Daniel Z. Korman, Professor of Philosophy, University of California, Santa Barbara
  226. Magdalena Kozhevnikova, Researcher in Animal Ethics, Warsaw University
  227. Visa A. J. Kurki, Associate Professor of Jurisprudence, University of Helsinki
  228. Olena Kushyna, PhD Student in Ethics, Centre for Ethics as Study in Human Value, University of Pardubice
  229. Oskari Kuusela, Associate Professor in Philosophy, University of East Anglia
  230. Mickaël Labbé, Maître de Conférences en Esthétique et Philosophie de l’Art, Université de Strasbourg
  231. Bernd Ladwig, Professor for Political Theory and Philosophy, Freie Universität Berlin
  232. Hugh LaFollette, Emeritus Cole Chair in Ethics and Professor of Philosophy, University of South Florida 
  233. Arto Laitinen, Professor of Social Philosophy, Tampere University 
  234. Andy Lamey, Associate Teaching Professor, University of California, San Diego
  235. Igor Larionov, Associate Professor, Philosophical Sciences, PhD, Head of Philosophical Anthropology Department, Saint Petersburg State University
  236. Renan Larue, Professeur de littérature, Université de Californie à Santa Barbara
  237. Noa Latham, Associate Emeritus Professor of Philosophy, University of Calgary
  238. Megan Jane Laverty, Associate Professor of Philosophy and Education, Teachers College, Columbia University
  239. Andrew Lee, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Australian National University
  240. Jonathan Leighton, Author, Ethicist and Executive Director of the Organisation for the Prevention of Intense Suffering (OPIS)
  241. Ana Leite, Associate Professor in Social and Organisational Psychology, Durham University
  242. Noa Levin, Researcher in Political Philosophy, Centre Marc Bloch, Berlin
  243. Abigail Levin, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Niagara University 
  244. Neil Levy, Professor of Philosophy, Macquarie University
  245. Fabiola Leyton Donoso, Researcher in BioEthics, University of Barcelona
  246. Patrick Lin, Professor of Philosophy, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo 
  247. Erich Linder, PhD Candidate in Animal Ethics, University of Vienna 
  248. Andrew Linzey, The Revd Professor, Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
  249. Clair Linzey, Deputy Director, Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics 
  250. David Lockwood, Researcher in Moral Philosophy, Cardiff University
  251. Farhana Loonat, Department Chair, Political Science and Philosophy, Skagit Valley College
  252. Mianna Lotz, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
  253. Michael Loughlin, Professor of Applied Philosophy, University of West London
  254. Hilda Nely Lucano Ramírez, Professor and Researcher in Animal Ethics and Law, Universidad de Guadalajara
  255. Simon Lumsden, Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
  256. Joe Lynch, Professor of Philosophy, California Polytechnic State University 
  257. David Lyreskog, Researcher in NeuroEthics, University of Oxford
  258. Joel MacClellan, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Loyola University New Orleans
  259. Colin Macleod, Professor, University of Victoria
  260. Jocelyn Maclure, Professeur de philosophie, McGill University
  261. Els Maeckelberghe, Associate Professor of Medical Ethics, University Medical Center Groningen
  262. Pablo Magaña, PhD Student, Pompeu Fabra University 
  263. Filip Maj, Lecturer, Macquarie University
  264. Elodie Malbois, Postdoctoral Researcher, Université de Genève
  265. Alejandra Mancilla, Professor of Philosophy, University of Oslo
  266. Moya Mapps, PhD Candidate, Yale Department of Philosophy
  267. Joel Marks, Professor Emeritus of Philosophy, University of New Haven
  268. Angela Martin, Professeure assistante en éthique, Université de Bâle
  269. Alma Massaro, Lecturer in Animal Ethics, Genoa University
  270. Jeffrey M. Masson, Professor and Writer on animal emotions, University of Auckland
  271. Bruce Maxwell, Researcher in education, University of Montreal
  272. Joseph-Marie Mbonda, Professeur et chercheur en éthique, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroun
  273. Joan McGregor, Professor of Philosophy, Arizona State University
  274. Leemon McHenry, Professor Emeritus, California State University, Northridge
  275. Erin McKenna, Professor of Philosophy, University of Oregon
  276. Jeff McMahan, Sekyra and White’s Professor of Moral Philosophy, University of Oxford
  277. Tristram McPherson, Professor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University
  278. Eva Meijer, Researcher in Political Philosophy, University of Amsterdam
  279. Garret Merriam, Associate Professor of Philosophy, California State University, Sacramento
  280. Debra Merskin, Professor, University of Oregon
  281. Heidi Mertes, Associate Professor in Medical Ethics, Ghent University
  282. Thaddeus Metz, Professor of Philosophy, University of Pretoria
  283. Letitia Meynell, Professor of Philosophy and Gender and Women’s Studies, Dalhousie University
  284. Ricardo Miguel, Researcher in Animal Ethics, University of Lisbon
  285. Emilian Mihailov, Researcher in Applied Ethics, University of Bucharest
  286. Josh Milburn, Lecturer in Political Philosophy and British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow, Loughborough University
  287. Becky Millar, Postdoctoral Researcher in Philosophy, University of York
  288. Kristie Miller, Professor, The University of Sydney
  289. Mayahuel Mojarro, PhD student, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
  290. Susana Monsó, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
  291. Macarena Montes, Researcher in Animal Ethics and Law, Pompeu Fabra University
  292. Nicolae Morar, Associate Professor of Environmental Studies and Philosophy, University of Oregon
  293. Alexander Morgan, Assistant Professor, Rice University
  294. Jeffrey Morgan, Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of the Fraser Valley
  295. Brandon Morgan-Olsen, Advanced Lecturer in Philosophy, Loyola University Chicago 
  296. Nicola Mulkeen, Lecturer in Political Philosophy, Newcastle University
  297. Nico Dario Müller, Postdoctoral Researcher in Ethics, University of Basel 
  298. Hichem Naar, Researcher in Philosophy, University of Duisburg-Essen
  299. Carlos Naconecy, Researcher in Animal Ethics, Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
  300. Christian Nadeau, Professeur en philosophie politique, Université de Montréal
  301. Yamikani Ndasauka, Doctor, University of Malawi
  302. Christina Nellist, President of Pan Orthodox Concern for Animals Charity, Fellow of Ferrater Mora Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics, Oxford UK
  303. Nathan Nobis, Professor of Philosophy, Morehouse College
  304. John Nolt, Professor Emeritus, Logic and Environmental Ethics, University of Tennessee
  305. Alastair Norcross, Professor of Philosophy, University of Colorado Boulder
  306. Christopher Norris, Professor of Philosophy, Cardiff University
  307. Howard Nye, Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Alberta
  308. Gary David O’Brien, DPhil Student in Philosophy, University of Oxford
  309. Tim Oakley, Researcher in Ethics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
  310. Tzofit Ofengenden, Doctor, Tulane University
  311. Markku Oksanen, Senior Lecturer in Philosophy, University of Eastern Finland
  312. Gustavo Ortiz Millan, Researcher in animal Ethics, National Autonomous University of Mexico
  313. Maude Ouellette-Dube, Researcher in Ethics and Animal Ethics, University of Fribourg
  314. Christine Overall, Professor Emerita of Philosophy and University Research Chair, Queen’s University at Kingston
  315. Ibrahim Ozdemir, Professor of Philosophy and Ethics, President of Forum on Environmental Ethics, Uskudar University, Turkey
  316. Burkay Ozturk, Senior Lecturer of Philosophy, Texas State University
  317. Eze Paez, Beatriu de Pinós Postdoctoral Fellow, Pompeu Fabra University
  318. Patricia Palulis, Associate Professor, University of Ottawa
  319. Eleni Panagiotarakou, Researcher, Concordia University
  320. Juliette Parada Rincón, Research in Animal Ethics, Universidad Santo Tomás, Colombia
  321. Stephen Pattison, Emeritus Professor of Religion, Ethics and Practice, University of Birmingham
  322. Wouter Peeters, Associate Professor of Global Ethics, University of Birmingham, UK
  323. Corine Pelluchon, Professeur de philosophie, Université Gustave Eiffel
  324. David Pena-Guzman, Associate Professor, SFSU
  325. Angie Pepper, Lecturer in Philosophy, University of Roehampton
  326. Eoin Perry, PhD Student in Philosophy of Science, University of Bristol
  327. Erik Persson, Researcher in applied Ethics, Lund University
  328. Ingmar Persson, Professor of Philosophy, University of Gothenburg 
  329. Keith Peterson, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Colby College
  330. Glen Pettigrove, Chair of Moral Philosophy, University of Glasgow
  331. Silvina Pezzetta, Researcher in Animal Law and Animal Ethics, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires 
  332. Benedetta Piazzesi, Chercheuse en histoire et philosophie des sciences de la vie, CRH (EHESS, Paris)
  333. Alexis Piquemal, Enseignant, Lycée Gustave Eiffel et Université de Bourgogne
  334. Arina Pismenny, Associate Instructional Professor in Philosophy, University of Florida
  335. Nigel Pleasants, Senior lecturer in Philosophy and Sociology, University of Exeter
  336. Simone Pollo, Associate Professor of Moral Philosophy, Sapienza University of Rome
  337. Veronica Ponce, Philosophy teacher, Marianopolis College, Canada
  338. Elliot Porter, Lecturer in Bioethics, Brighton and Sussex Medical School
  339. Constantinos Proimos, Doctor of Philosophy and Assistant Professor of History and Theory of Architecture, University of Patras, Greece
  340. Evangelos Protopapadakis, Associate Professor in Applied Ethics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
  341. Joëlle Proust, Directrice de recherche émérite au CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris
  342. Alicia Puleo, Senior Lecturer in Moral and Political Philosophy, University of Valladolid
  343. Stephen Puryear, Associate Professor of Philosophy, North Carolina State University
  344. Pierre-Yves Quiviger, Professeur de philosophie du droit, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne
  345. Ana Cristina Ramirez Barreto, Researcher in BioEthics, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
  346. Shyam Ranganathan, Faculty member, Department of Philosophy, and York Centre for Asian Research, York University
  347. Vardit Ravitsky, Professor, University of Montreal
  348. Hili Razinsky, Researcher, LanCog, Centre of Philosophy, University of Lisbon
  349. Paul Redding, Emeritus Professor of Philosophy, University of Sydney
  350. Amy Reed-Sandoval, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, University of Nevada Las Vegas
  351. Philippe Reigné, Agrégé des facultés de droit, professeur titulaire de chaire, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers
  352. Tim Reijsoo, Philosopher, University of Amsterdam
  353. Kurt Remele, Professor Emeritus in Ethics, University of Graz
  354. Hannah Rheinz, Dr. Phil., Psychologist, Animal Ethicist, Independant
  355. Samuel Rickless, Professor of Philosophy, University of California San Diego
  356. Eduardo Rincón Higuera, Investigador en temas de Éticas Interespecie, Éticas Ecológicas y Ecosofías, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
  357. Raffaele Rodogno, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Aarhus University
  358. Luke Roelofs, Researcher in Philosophy, New York University
  359. Chandler Rogers, Instructor, Boston College
  360. Wendy Rogers, Distinguished Professor in Clinical Ethics, Macquarie University, Sydney
  361. Simon Rosenqvist, Researcher in applied Ethics, Department of Global Political Studies, Malmö University
  362. Mark Rowlands, Professor and Chair, Department of Philosophy, University of Miami 
  363. Alain Roy, Professeur titulaire, Faculté de droit de l’Université de Montréal
  364. Ricardo Rozzi, Professor in Environmental Ethics and Biocultural Conservation, Subantarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, Dep. Philosophy and Religion & Dep of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, USA & Universidad de Magallanes, Chile 
  365. Emma Ruttkamp, Professor of Philosophy, researcher in AI Ethics, University of Pretoria & Centre for AI Research
  366. Richard Ryder, PhD, Ex Cambridge, UK
  367. Benjamin Sachs-Cobbe, Senior Lecturer in Philosophy, University of St. Andrews
  368. John Sanbonmatsu, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Worcester Polytechnic Institute
  369. Steve Sapontzis, Emeritus Professor of Philosophy, California State University, East Bay
  370. Işık Sarıhan, Postdoctoral Researcher in Philosophy, Independent
  371. Sahotra Sarkar, Professor of Philosophy and Integrative Biology, University of Texas
  372. Carl Saucier-Bouffard, Professeur, 
  373. Hanno Sauer, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Utrecht University 
  374. Lara Scaglia, Researcher in History of Philosophy and Ethics, Warsaw University
  375. Frank Schalow, Professor of Philosophy, University of New Orleans
  376. Anders Schinkel, Associate Professor of Philosophy of Education, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands 
  377. Andreas Schmidt, Associate Professor in Political Philosophy, University of Groningen
  378. Sebastian Schmidt, Postdoctoral researcher in Epistemology, University of Zurich
  379. Friederike Schmitz, Philosopher in Animal Ethics, Independent scholar
  380. Miriam Schoenfield, Associate Professor Philosophy, University of Texas
  381. Vanessa Scholes, Applied philosopher and learning designer, Open Polytechnic Kuratini Tuwhera
  382. Udo Schüklenk, Professor and Ontario Research Chair in BioEthics, Queen’s University
  383. Marcus Schultz-Bergin, Assistant College Lecturer in Philosophy, Cleveland State University 
  384. Lucia Schwarz, Teaching Assistant Professor, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 
  385. Jeff Sebo, Clinical Associate Professor of Environmental Studies, Affiliated Professor of BioEthics, Medical Ethics, Philosophy, and Law, and Director of the Animal Studies M.A. Program, New York University
  386. Jérôme Segal, Maître de conférences en histoire et philosophie des sciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris
  387. Dunja Šešelja, Professor, Ruhr University Bochum
  388. Hilal Sezgin, Researcher in Animal Ethics, Lueneburg, Germany
  389. Steven Shakespeare, Professor of Continental Philosophy of Religion, Liverpool Hope University
  390. Hasana Sharp, Associate Professor of Philosophy, McGill University
  391. Yonatan Shemmer, Doctor, University of Sheffield
  392. Minna Shkul, Senior University Teacher in Feminist and Queer Studies, University of Sheffield
  393. Eli Shupe, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, University of Texas at Arlington
  394. Vlasta Sikimić, Researcher and Lecturer in Philosophy, University of Tübingen
  395. Mona Simion, Professor of Philosophy, University of Glasgow 
  396. Virginie Simoneau-Gilbert, Doctorante en philosophie, University of Oxford
  397. Peter Singer, Professor of BioEthics, Princeton University
  398. Doran Smolkin, Doctor of Philosophy, Kwantlen Polytechnic University
  399. Diana Soeira, Researcher in Philosophy & Economics and Public Policy, ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon, Portugal
  400. Ayhan Sol, Professor, Middle East Technical University, Turkey
  401. John Sorenson, Professor, Brock University
  402. Friderike Spang, Senior Researcher in Political Theory, University of Lausanne
  403. Simon Springer, Professor of Human Geography, University of Newcastle
  404. Susanne Sreedhar, Professor of Philosophy, Boston University 
  405. Gary Steiner, Professor of Philosophy emeritus, Bucknell University
  406. Christian Straßer, Professor, Ruhr University Bochum
  407. Robert Streiffer, Professor of Philosophy and Bioethics, University of Wisconsin-Madison
  408. Alison Suen, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Iona University 
  409. David Svolba, Associate Professor in Philosophy, Fitchburg State University
  410. Swart, Researcher, University of Groningen 
  411. Zeynep Talay Turner, Professor, Istanbul Bilgi University
  412. Agnes Tam, Assistant Professor in Philosophy, University of Calgary
  413. Robert Tappan, Associate Professor of Religious Studies, Towson University
  414. Christine Tappolet, Professeure, Université de Montréal
  415. Aleksy Tarasenko-Struc, Clinical Ethics Fellow, Alden March BioEthics Institute, Albany Medical College
  416. Angus Taylor, PhD, retired, University of Victoria
  417. Larry Temkin, Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, Rutgers University
  418. Camille Ternier, Chercheuse postdoctorale en philosophie politique et économique, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche en éthique de Montréal
  419. Areti Theofilopoulou, Researcher Fellow, Institute of Philosophy of the Czech Academy of Sciences
  420. Evan Thomas, Researcher in Ethics, Ohio State University
  421. Natalie Thomas, Adjunct Faculty, Philosophy and Fellow, Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics, University of Guelph
  422. Kramer Thompson, PhD Candidate, The Australian National University 
  423. Travis Timmerman, Associate Professor, and Chair of the Philosophy Department, Seton Hall University
  424. Oxana Timofeeva, Professor in Philosophy, European University at St. Petersburg
  425. Inken Titz, Researcher in AI Ethics, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
  426. Zorana Todorovic, Researcher in Animal Studies, University of Belgrade 
  427. Fiorella Tomassini, Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Groningen
  428. Mikel Torres, Adjunct Lecturer, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) 
  429. Ioannis Trisokkas, Assistant Professor, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
  430. Jens Tuider, Ethicist, Independent
  431. Joseph Tuminello, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, McNeese State University
  432. Carla Turner, Philosopher of animal Ethics, University of Pretoria, South Africa
  433. Gabriela Tymowski, Researcher in Animal Ethics, University of New Brunswick
  434. Peter Unger, Professor of Philosophy, New York University
  435. Peter Vallentyne, Professor, University of Missouri
  436. Kenneth Valpey, Researcher in Animal Ethics, Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies 
  437. Emnée Van Den Brandeler, PhD Candidate, University of Basel 
  438. Willem van der Deijl, Assistant Professor, Tilburg University
  439. Marie Van Loon, Research in epistemology, University of Zurich
  440. Pekka Vayrynen, Professor of Moral Philosophy, University of Leeds
  441. Angélica Velasco, Senior Lecturer in Moral and Political Philosophy, University of Valladolid, Spain
  442. Samantha Vice, Distinguished Professor in Philosophy, University of the Witwatersrand
  443. Elly Vintiadis, Associate Lecturer in Philosophy, The American College of Greece 
  444. Tatjana Višak, Researcher Animal Ethics, University of Mannheim
  445. Kristin Voigt, Associate Professor, McGill University
  446. Ilias Voiron, PhD Student in Philosophy and Environmental Humanities, Jean-Moulin Lyon 3 University & University of Fribourg 
  447. Rose Mary Volbrecht, Professor of Ethics Emeritus, Gonzaga University 
  448. Anabel von der Osten-Sacken, PhD Student in Animal Studies, Universität Hamburg 
  449. Kocku Von Stuckrad, Professor of Religious Studies, University of Groningen
  450. Kirstin Waldkoenig, Doctoral Student and Environmental Ethicist, University of Oregon
  451. Lisa Warden, Researcher, Animals & Society Research Initiative, University of Victoria
  452. Kari Weil, Professeur de Lettres, Wesleyan University
  453. Jennifer Welchman, Professor of Philosophy, University of Alberta
  454. Daniel Weltman, Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, Ashoka University, India
  455. Michelle Westerlaken, Postdoctoral Research Associate, University of Cambridge (UK)
  456. Monique Whitaker, Lecturer in Philosophy, University of KwaZulu-Natal
  457. Markus Wild, Professor of Philosophy, University of Basel
  458. Cynthia Willett, Professor, Emory University
  459. Sean Winkler, Lecturer of Philosophy, Loyola Marymount University/University of Redlands 
  460. Jason M. Wirth, Professor of Philosophy, Seattle University 
  461. Matthew Wiseman, PhD Student, University of Southern California
  462. Daniel Wodak, Associate Professor of Philosophy and of Law, University of Pennsylvania
  463. Alex Wolf-Root, Visiting Assistant Professor, The Ohio State University
  464. Matthew Wray Perry, PhD Student in Animal Rights, The University of Manchester 
  465. Laura Wright, Professor of English & Founder of the field of Vegan Studies, Western Carolina University
  466. Ewa Wyrębska-Đermanović, Researcher in Political Philosophy, University of Bonn 
  467. Roger Yates, Lecturer in Sociology, University College of Dublin
  468. Jay Zameska, Junior Research Fellow, University of Tartu, Estonia
  469. Tzachi Zamir, Professor, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
  470. Sarah Zanaz, Doctorante en philosophie, Université de Strasbourg
  471. Miriam A. Zemanova, Research Associate, University of Fribourg, Switzerland 
  472. Rafael Ziegler, Associate Professor, HEC Montréal
  473. Anna C. Zielinska, Maîtresse de conférences en philosophie morale, juridique et politique, Université de Lorraine à Nancy